Lab library

Every live practical, in one place.

Click any lab to open it. Each one is a self-contained 3D simulation, drag to rotate, sound is optional, no install. Observation wording is taken straight from NSSCO Annexe B and Cambridge mark schemes.

Biology23 live
Full syllabus
Food & nutrition
Food Tests

Iodine · Benedict's · Biuret · Emulsion. Test an unknown food sample for starch, sugar, protein and lipid.

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Food & nutrition
Nutrients in Real Foods

Run all four food tests on six real foods. Predict the nutrient profile of each, then check the mark scheme.

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Food & nutrition
Energy Content of Food

Burn a peanut/cashew/marshmallow under a tube of water. Use q = mcΔT to find kJ per gram, compared to published values.

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Photosynthesis
Starch Test in a Leaf

Boil, decolorise, stain. Predict whether each prepared leaf will turn blue-black after iodine.

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Photosynthesis
Pondweed Bubble Counter

Count O₂ bubbles from Elodea. Vary lamp distance, CO₂ and temperature. Plot rate vs light intensity.

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Photosynthesis
Need for CO₂

Three bagged leaves: soda lime, sodium bicarbonate, water control. Predict which photosynthesise.

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Photosynthesis
Need for Chlorophyll

Variegated leaf through the standard starch test, only green regions go blue-black. Chlorophyll is required.

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A-level extension
Hill Reaction · DCPIP

Time the decolourisation of DCPIP by isolated chloroplasts.

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Respiration
Inhaled vs Exhaled Air

U-tube limewater apparatus. Exhaled side goes milky much faster, exhaled air contains more CO₂.

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Respiration
Germinating Seeds · Heat

Live vs dead seeds in insulated flasks. Live flask warms up, direct evidence respiration releases energy as heat.

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Respiration
Respirometer

Compare rate of O₂ uptake in germinating peas, maggots, woodlice. KOH absorbs CO₂; manometer measures the gap.

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Enzymes
Effect of Temperature on Amylase

Five water baths (5, 20, 35, 50, 65 °C). Sample with iodine every 30 s. Optimum around 35 °C; denatured at 65 °C.

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Enzymes
Effect of pH on Amylase

Five buffered tubes (pH 3, 5, 7, 9, 11). Rate peaks at pH 7; falls steeply outside the optimum range.

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Enzymes
Effect of [H₂O₂] on Catalase

Yeast-filter-paper disc rise time at six H₂O₂ concentrations. Rate rises then plateaus, saturation of active sites.

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Osmosis
Potato Cylinders

Six sucrose concentrations. Mass change over 60 min. Crossing point on graph gives potato's water potential.

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Diffusion
Agar Cubes (SA:V)

Three sizes of phenolphthalein-NaOH agar cube in HCl. Small cube decolourises first, high SA:V wins.

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Membranes
Visking Tubing Model

Bag of starch + glucose in water. Glucose passes through, starch does not. Models partial permeability.

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Plant transport
Potometer · Transpiration

Time the air bubble in a capillary under five conditions: still, wind, light, humid bag, heat.

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Plant transport
Stained Celery

Celery in red dye. Cross-section reveals dye traces the xylem vessels, water transport tissue.

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Microscopy
Animal vs Plant Cells

Cheek epithelium (methylene blue) and onion epidermis (iodine). Click features to identify and compare.

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Cell division
Mitosis Stages

Field of 24 onion-root-tip cells stained with aceto-orcein. Classify each cell; calculate mitotic index.

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Inheritance
Monohybrid Cross

Pick parental genotypes. See Punnett square. Run 1000 offspring trials and compare observed vs expected ratios.

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Inheritance
Continuous vs Discontinuous

Sample a student population for height (continuous) and tongue-rolling (discontinuous). Compare histograms.

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Chemistry22 live
Full syllabus
NSSCO Paper 3 · core
Qualitative Analysis

Identify cations and anions. NaOH, ammonia, AgNO₃, BaNO₃, flame tests. Wording from NSSCO Annexe B.

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NSSCO 2024 · Q2
Purification of Rock Salt

Grind, dissolve, filter, evaporate. Obtain dry NaCl crystals. Quiz on the exam vocabulary.

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Drill
Flame & Gas Tests

Flame colours (Li, Na, K, Ca, Ba) and gases (H₂, O₂, CO₂, NH₃, Cl₂) tested with the standard reagents.

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NSSCO 2024 · Q1
Paper Chromatography

Spot the setup error, run the chromatogram, interpret Rf and number of dyes.

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Separation
Fractional Distillation

Distil wine to separate ethanol from water. Watch the temperature plateau at 78 °C.

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Matter
Gas Diffusion (NH₃ + HCl)

Watch where the white ring of NH₄Cl forms, and verify Graham's law from the position.

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Periodic table
Group I Reactivity

Drop Li, Na and K into water. Compare vigour. Potassium burns with a lilac flame.

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Syllabus 5.1
Electrolysis

Six electrolyte / electrode combinations. Identify products at cathode and anode; check half-equations.

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Syllabus 5 · deep dive
Copper Sulfate — Carbon vs Copper

One blue solution, two electrodes. The blue fades with carbon but holds forever with copper. Live Faraday's-law readouts: charge, electrons and mass of Cu deposited.

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Electrochemistry
Electroplating

Plate a zinc cathode with copper. Calculate the deposited mass from Q = It and Faraday's law.

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NSSCO 2024 · Q3
Rate · KClO₃ → O₂

Heat KClO₃ + MnO₂. Collect O₂ in a gas syringe. Tabulate, plot V vs t, answer the kinetics questions.

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Rates
Rate · Mg + HCl

Drop magnesium ribbon into HCl at different concentrations. Time to dissolve → rate vs [HCl].

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NSSCAS 2024 · Q1
Iodine Clock

Five experiments with different [I⁻]. Time to blue-black. Plot rate vs [I⁻].

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Rates
Na₂S₂O₃ + HCl (turbidity)

The disappearing cross. Time how long until sulfur clouds the solution at five concentrations.

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Standard
Acid–Base Titration

Burette of NaOH, flask of unknown HCl + phenolphthalein. Calculate the concentration of the acid.

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Salts
Insoluble Salts

Precipitate PbI₂, BaSO₄, AgCl or Fe(OH)₃ by mixing two soluble salts. Filter, wash, dry.

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Salts
Soluble Salts

Acid + insoluble base (or carbonate). Filter the excess, evaporate the filtrate, grow crystals.

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NSSCAS
Alloy Redox Titration

Titrate Fe²⁺ from a dissolved iron alloy against standardised KMnO₄. Calculate the % iron.

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NSSCAS
Enthalpy of Neutralisation

Mix HCl and NaOH in a styrofoam cup. Use q = mcΔT to find ΔH per mole of water formed.

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Reactivity
Reactivity Series

Drop four metals into four salt solutions. Build up the reactivity order from the displacement matrix.

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Organic
Fermentation

Yeast + glucose → ethanol + CO₂ over 7 days. Then distil to concentrate the ethanol.

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Organic
Bromine Water Test

Test six substances for unsaturation. Alkenes and unsaturated fats decolourise orange Br₂; alkanes don't.

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Physics13 live
Full syllabus
Mechanics
Pendulum · g

Time oscillations at several lengths. Plot T² vs L → slope gives gravity.

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Mechanics
Hooke's Law

Hang masses one at a time. Plot F vs extension. Beyond the elastic limit the line bends.

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Mechanics
Density by Displacement

Mass on a balance + volume from water rise. Identify the material from its density.

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Mechanics
Friction on an Incline

Tilt the plank until the block just slides. μ = tan θ at the slipping angle.

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Optics
Refraction · Snell's Law

Light through a glass block at varying angles. Plot sin i vs sin r → refractive index.

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Optics
Lens · Focal Length

Bench, object, lens, screen. Find sharp images at five u-values. Calculate f from 1/u + 1/v = 1/f.

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Optics
Plane Mirror

Drag the incident ray. Confirm the angles of incidence and reflection are equal at five angles.

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Thermal
Specific Heat of Water

Electric heater, water, thermometer. Calculate c from VIt = mcΔT and explain the inefficiency.

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Thermal
Boyle's Law

Squeeze a sealed gas column. PV stays constant, and 1/V vs P is a straight line through the origin.

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Electricity
Ohm's Law

Vary V across a 10 Ω resistor. Read I. Plot V vs I, gradient gives R.

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Electricity
Resistance vs Length

Slide a jockey along a constantan wire. R is proportional to L. Gradient gives Ω/m.

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Electromagnetism
Electromagnet

Wrap an iron nail. Vary N and I. Count the paperclips you can pick up.

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Waves
Resonance Tube

Find loud resonance in an air column. Two resonances give λ → v = fλ → speed of sound.

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