Demand, supply & equilibrium price

This is the heart of Economics and the most important diagram in the whole syllabus. We meet demand — how much buyers will buy at each price — and draw its downward-sloping curve. We meet supply — how much sellers will offer at each price — and draw its upward-sloping curve. Then we bring the two together and find the equilibrium: the one price where the amount wanted exactly equals the amount offered. We learn how a surplus pushes the price down and a shortage pushes it up, and finally what makes a whole curve shift — income, tastes, costs, weather, taxes — and how each shift moves the price. Every line is drawn slowly, with Namibian examples like a drought raising the maize price.