Chemistry (AS Level)·Chemical bonding · NSSCAS 1.3.4
Intermolecular forces & hydrogen bonding
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Why is water a liquid but methane a gas? The answer lies not in the bonds inside molecules but in the weaker forces BETWEEN them. Learn the three intermolecular forces — van der Waals, permanent dipole and hydrogen bonding — and how the remarkable hydrogen bond shapes the behaviour of water and ice.
What you'll learn in this lesson
By the end you should be able to (NSSCAS Chemistry (AS Level) 1.3.4):
- Distinguish intramolecular (bonding) from intermolecular forces, and rank their relative strengths
- Describe induced-dipole (van der Waals), permanent-dipole and hydrogen bonding, and use them to explain physical properties
- Describe hydrogen bonds as the strongest intermolecular force yet weak compared with covalent bonds
- Explain the effect of hydrogen bonding on the properties of water, ice, ammonia, HF and methanol
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